Training is available to all IGT members with the following classes offered:
BASICS 101-102: Required to do an investigation with the Indiana Ghost Trackers. These are the basic building blocks of how to conduct a professional paranormal investigation.
ADVANCED 201: This class deals with deeper topics that paranormal investigators should know. This class helps define you as an investigator and helps fill in the gaps on information that you may need on doing investigations.
INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES: Comprehensive class that explains how to handle an investigation, from the initial investigation request, thru how to write the final report and everything in between.
WIRELESS MONITORING: This is a system many of the big league ghost hunters are going with and a method of investigation that is very professional and renders some interesting results. We will go over how to put a wireless system together for paranormal investigations.
GHOST PHOTOGRAPHY: This class deals with the harsh realities of photography as it relates to the paranormal field. Learn to identify false positives, what causes them and how to avoid them.
PSYCHIC PROTECTION: An essential class, which teaches members how to deal with overwhelming conditions of negative ghosts and other entities.
PSYCHIC GHOST HUNTING: Learning to use your natural abilities to investigate the paranormal. Tuning and procedure as to how to do an investigation as a sensitive or psychic are covered.
CONDUCTING RESEARCH: In this class we will go over basic steps in researching a haunted location, where to find information and how to use it.
GADGETS OF GHOST HUNTERS: This class will discuss new equipment and new approaches to ghost hunting. Specialized equipment is discussed in detail. Hands-on training will be offered.
EVP: This is a class on learning how to capture and analyze the sounds captured, and the theories behind the phenomena
GHOST HUNTERS IN THE MEDIA: Discuss how ghost hunters represent themselves and the paranormal field to the public.
CEMETERY RESTORATION: This course gives some basic working knowledge or how to go about cemetery headstone repair and upkeep.
HISTORY OF HAUNTINGS: This class is a then-and-now look at the history of ghosts and the paranormal. The works of famous ghost hunters are looked at, as well as significant hauntings in world history.
ITC SPIRITUAL COMMUNICATION: This course discusses topics from World ITC and Miracles in the storm as it relates to communication across planes of existence through scientific methods using a variety of techniques.
WEBSITE TRAINING: How to use photo editors for your pictures and create basic web pages using helper programs. Learn how to use graphic programs to adjust the size and color of your digital photos.
DOWSING / PENDULUMS: This course discusses how to use dowsing rods and pendulums during an investigation. Hands on training will be used.
TEAM LEADER TRAINING: How to lead a team on an IGT event, handle the media and public when needed, etc. Team Leaders are vital to the success and reputation of each chapter. This class will help you be the best Team Leader possible.
TRAIN THE TRAINER: This class is a MUST for IGT trainers. We cover how to present the IGT training materials, learning theory, how to improve individual chapter training programs, etc. This class is also a chance for trainers to share their ideas with each other also.
PUBLIC RELATIONS: This is a basic look at IGT marketing and promotion campaigns. We’ll look at advertising and talk about dealing with the media. This class is encouraged for anyone thinking of helping with PR within the Indiana Ghost Trackers.
MANAGEMENT TRAINING: This class discusses ideas on how to effectively lead people without BURNOUT. This is a great class for team leaders and other officers in IGT.
Paranormal Terms
After Life
A continued life or existence believed to follow death.
Agent
The person who is the focus or at the centre of paranormal activity.
Age Of Aquarius
Usually refers to the end of an era and the beginning of another, ‘the end of times’ or the dawning of a ‘new world order’.
Akasha
A mystical, spiritual substance where memories are stored since the beginning of time.
Alien Abduction
A form of kidnapping by aliens or extraterrestrials, where the individual is taken up to a spacecraft. Time and memory loss frequently occur and some people recall surgical investigations.
Aliens
Beings from another world, also known as extraterrestrial beings.
Astral Plane
A place where all thoughts, memories, fantasies and dreams of everyone in the world exist. The astral plane is said to have many levels, and is said to operate at a higher frequency than the physical plane.
Astral Projection
The process where our etheric body, spirit or mind separates from the physical body whilst maintaining a level of consciousness.
Aura
Invisible to the naked eye, it is a glow surrounding the each individual and changes color and form depending on the mental and physical well being of the individual.
Automatic writing
When a person can produce writing that is not their own writing style and can convey messages from the deceased.
Banshees
Most often associated with Ireland and Scotland, the Banshee is an omen spirit that forewarns people of an impending tragedy.
Bermuda Triangle (The ‘Devils Triangle’)
A geographical area located off the south eastern Atlantic coast of the United States this area has been subject to a number of unexplainable losses of ships, boats and aircraft, including an entire squadron of TBM Avengers.
Black Dogs (Hell Hounds)
There have been countless reports over the world of these phantom ‘canine’ like creatures, including Norfolk’s own Black Shuck.
Channeling
Describes the method in which mediums allow themselves to be used in order to manifest something which comes from outside themselves. For example, a healer is a channel for healing energy. Another form of channeling is trance mediumship during a trance, mediums can be aware of their surroundings and listen to instructions of a spirit guide and converse with other people whilst passing on messages, words of wisdom or inviting questions.
Crop Circles
Consists of a circle within which all corn stems are flattened but not broken, usually the outer ring of the circle has the corn flattened in the opposite direction to that of the centre. Sometimes the circle may be surrounded by a series of smaller circles that maybe linked by channels.
Death Bed Visions
A dying person has an awareness of the presence of dead relatives or friends, these visitors are said to come and assist the dying with the transition from life to death.
Deja Vu
Seeing or doing something completely new but having the distinct feeling that the experience had been done before.
Dematerialization
The fading or disappearance of an object.
Demons
Demons are said to have the ability to enter your home via the Ouija board, it is claimed that in such cases a demon will attach itself to an individual and not the home and therefore will follow where ever that person goes, similar too but not to be confused with possession.
Deport
Movement of an object from a secure and enclosed space.
Electrokinesis
The generation of electricity from the mind that can be used to charge watches and batteries.
Electro-Magnetic Field (E.M.F.)
A field of force associated with electric charge in motion. There is a theory that a high amount of electromagnetic energy can cause poltergeist activity, but also a theory that these same high energy levels attract spirit and that it is indeed spirit that cause the strange phenomena.
Ectoplasm
Ectoplasm is said to be made up of a viscous substance which comes from a mediums solar plexus, a combination of certain chemicals used by spirit to project solid images to its audience. It is very dangerous to disturb a medium whilst in this condition, some mediums have died from being disturbed whilst in this state.
E.V.P.
Electronic Voice Projection (recording of spirit voices).
Exorcism
The expulsion of a spirit, ghost or demon that is possessing a person or place.
Fallen Host
These are said to be angels that have fallen from Gods grace, they have been mentioned in biblical scriptures to serve as a warning of what the wrath of God can bring.
False Arrival Apparition
This is when a person hears and sometimes sees another person arrive, this can happen from half and hour to an hour before the person actually arrives.
False Awakening
A phenomenon whereby a person believes they have woken up but they are still dreaming. For a good example of this check out www.mysterymad.com and look for The Skully Experience and also look for related links.
Geomancy
An ancient form of divination which involves the scattering of soil, earth or other materials upon the ground or, markings in earth or sand which make up a configuration that can be read by a seer.
Ghosts
Disembodied spirit or image of a dead person. Ghosts have the ability to move through solid objects.
Gnome
A name given to fairies or ‘little people’, supposedly lost souls or pre-Christian people, or fallen angels doomed to walk the earth. It has been suggested that they are elemental nature spirits that inhabit a different dimension to our own.
Grigori (Watchers)
A collective term for fallen angels. It was said that Grigori were sent to guide and assist man during the beginning of civilization.
Hallucination
Perception of an eternal object that is not present, a mental state of being mistaken or deluded.
Healing
Types of healing are Hands on, Absent, Prayer, Color, Sound. Healing is considered medicine for the soul. Healing of any kind means laying oneself open to the Divine Source of Love either by receiving or giving. This universal source is the very life we breathe, it is the energy that permeates every living thing. The practice of these types of healing has been used for centuries, even the ancient Egyptians recognized the importance of sound, some of the great pyramids are known to have amazing acoustics and it has been suggested that they may have been used for healing through the use of incantations.
Hope Diamond
A cursed jewel supposedly torn from the brow of a temple God. The diamond has brought tragedy to those who have owned it.
I-Ching
A Chinese form of divination involving the use of 64 hexagrams.
Intuition
The process of coming to a direct knowledge or certainty without using the rational thought process. Handy for us ghost hunters who are not blessed with the gifts of the sensitive.
Jamais Vu
The exact opposite to Déjà vu, something which is familiar and experienced by an individual before but they believe it is the first time they have experienced it.
James Randi
No A-Z would be complete without a mention of Mr. Randi, possibly the ultimate definition of skepticism.
Ka
Ancient Egyptian term for the astral body.
Karma
A law in Hinduism maintaining that every act no matter how insignificant will eventually return to the doer, good with good and evil with evil, if not in this life then in the next.
Levitation
There are records of monks and nuns rising up whilst in prayer, it has been suggested that levitation is possible due to molecules becoming refined to the point of the body changing onto a lighter plane. Energy level increases have been suggested to raise the level in the atoms of our bodies and make levitation possible.
Ley Lines
Alignments of ancient sites, these are considered to be earth’s natural energy lines and also that spirit may use these lines as a way of traveling quickly from one place to another. It has also been suggested that where two Ley Lines cross there is a possible chance of a portal opening to other dimensions.
Life After Death
The BIG question since the dawn of time, we are left to draw our own conclusions from studying cases such as reincarnation, N.D.E’s and the writings of Mediums.
Malevolent
Malevolent spirit is a way to describe a malicious supernatural force that causes harmful acts to living beings.
Materialization
Formation of an object or human figure that appears during a séance.
Medium
An individual who can communicate with spirits.
NDE’s
Near Death Experience, claimed to be a glimpse at life after death, the most common reports are those of a tunnel with a bright light at the end, a place of great beauty, meeting loved ones, or visiting another dimension and sometimes even that of hell.
Occam’s Razor
The principle of preferring the simplest explanation of event, “a person should not increase beyond what is necessary the number of entities required to explain anything”.
Occultism
A system of practice and belief, which assumes that there is the existence of supernatural, paranormal and mysterious forces.
Orbs
Orbs are allegedly the true spirit form and one theory is that these are seen at the beginning of a manifestation. Orbs can be often caught in photographs.
Out Of Body Experience (O.O.B.E.)
A form of astral projection when the consciousness leaves the physical body. Many reports of this come from people who have been involved in severe accidents or have been anaesthetized. An example of this is when a patient undergoing an operation can see and hear the operation in progress.
Palmestry
The art of foretelling a person’s future by reading the lines and features on their hand.
Paranormal
Something that is unexplainable scientifically.
Poltergeist
Activity connected with poltergeists is that of unexplainable rapping’s and other noises, also movement of items which are often thrown or smashed and in some cased fires have been known to start. This phenomenon is generally connected to teenagers particularly teenage girls.
Psychometry
A medium can gain psychic information by holding a personal item such as a ring or watch once belonging to a deceased person.
Quackery
Integrating metaphysics with sympathetic magic or spiritualism with healing. The term is generally used to describe frauds that dispense useless or harmful treatments to vulnerable people on their deathbeds.
Radionics
Use of certain instruments to detect radiations or emitions from a living organism, such as dowsing.
Reincarnation
The belief that the Spirit or the Soul of a person can be reborn to a new life, some people are able to remember past life personalities and experiences. This is a non-Christian belief, but many Eastern cultures have always included reincarnation in their philosophy.
Sensitive
Someone who can sense a paranormal presence.
Spirit/Soul
In the complete word finder Spirit is described as ‘The vital animating essence of a person, or animal, The Intelligent Being without a material body’. Soul is described as ‘The immaterial part of a human being, often regarded as immortal, vital, spirit or force, being, inner self.
Sprite
A soul, spirit or apparition.
Table Turning
Movements that come from the table used during a séance, these are suggested as being a form of communication from the spirit world.
Telepathy
The ability to transfer one persons thoughts to another, this is not considered as supernatural phenomenon, many experiments into this area started enthusiastically around 1882 with the beginning of the Society for Psychical Research. In 1903 Zenner cards were developed by K.E. Zenner and American psychologist, these cards are widely used in E.S.P research with varying results.
Teleportation
Paranormal movement of an object from one place to another.
Thixotropy
This is a property that is exhibited by certain gels. A thrixopic gel maintains its shape and appears solid, but if it is subjected to certain forms of disturbance, such as shaking, it will start to flow like liquid. Possible explanation for bleeding statues etc.
UFO
Unidentified Flying Objects, considered to be alien aircraft. It is interesting to note that a large majority of UFO’s are sighted during or after an electrical storm.
Ufology
The study of unidentified flying objects.
Vampires
Mythical creatures who rise up out of their graves at night and feed of the blood of others.
Vanishing Islands
Such as Atlantis. These are geographical areas that seem to have vanished without a trace.
Veridical Dream
A dream that relates to actual events of either the past, present or future, that the dreamer is unaware of.
Warlock
The masculine name for a witch, wizard or magician.
Werewolf
Mythical creatures that change from humans to wolves. These creatures can only be killed with a silver bullet and the plant wolfs bane is said to act as a deterrent.
Xenoglossy
The alleged writing or speaking in a language that is unknown to the individual speaking or writing it.
Yeren
A mythical man beast or red haired ape 5-6 feet in height. Sighting of the Yeren have been reported in Asia and the Shennongjia Mountains in Central China.
Yeti/Bigfoot
An ape like creature most often sighted in the U.S but also around the globe since the mid 19th C. it has been suggested that bigfoot exists in another dimension and travels to this one via either, astral projection or through portals, the latter has also been suggested for the loch ness monster.
Zombie
Dead bodies with no souls, said to be created by black magic of voodoo sorcerers.
Zooform Phenomena
A term used to describe entities that resemble animals, but appear to be supernatural.
Introduction to the Scientific Method
The scientific method is the process by which scientists, collectively and over time, endeavor to construct an accurate (that is, reliable, consistent and non-arbitrary) representation of the world.
Recognizing that personal and cultural beliefs influence both our perceptions and our interpretations of natural phenomena, we aim through the use of standard procedures and criteria to minimize those influences when developing a theory. As a famous scientist once said, “Smart people (like smart lawyers) can come up with very good explanations for mistaken points of view.” In summary, the scientific method attempts to minimize the influence of bias or prejudice in the experimenter when testing an hypothesis or a theory.
I. The scientific method has four steps
1. Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena.
2. Formulation of an hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation.
3. Use of the hypothesis to predict the existence of other phenomena, or to predict quantitatively the results of new observations.
4. Performance of experimental tests of the predictions by several independent experimenters and properly performed experiments.
If the experiments bear out the hypothesis it may come to be regarded as a theory or law of nature (more on the concepts of hypothesis, model, theory and law below). If the experiments do not bear out the hypothesis, it must be rejected or modified. What is key in the description of the scientific method just given is the predictive power (the ability to get more out of the theory than you put in; see Barrow, 1991) of the hypothesis or theory, as tested by experiment. It is often said in science that theories can never be proved, only disproved. There is always the possibility that a new observation or a new experiment will conflict with a long-standing theory.
II. Testing hypotheses
As just stated, experimental tests may lead either to the confirmation of the hypothesis, or to the ruling out of the hypothesis. The scientific method requires that an hypothesis be ruled out or modified if its predictions are clearly and repeatedly incompatible with experimental tests. Further, no matter how elegant a theory is, its predictions must agree with experimental results if we are to believe that it is a valid description of nature. In physics, as in every experimental science, “experiment is supreme” and experimental verification of hypothetical predictions is absolutely necessary. Experiments may test the theory directly (for example, the observation of a new particle) or may test for consequences derived from the theory using mathematics and logic (the rate of a radioactive decay process requiring the existence of the new particle). Note that the necessity of experiment also implies that a theory must be testable. Theories which cannot be tested, because, for instance, they have no observable ramifications (such as, a particle whose characteristics make it unobservable), do not qualify as scientific theories.
If the predictions of a long-standing theory are found to be in disagreement with new experimental results, the theory may be discarded as a description of reality, but it may continue to be applicable within a limited range of measurable parameters. For example, the laws of classical mechanics (Newton’s Laws) are valid only when the velocities of interest are much smaller than the speed of light (that is, in algebraic form, when v/c << 1). Since this is the domain of a large portion of human experience, the laws of classical mechanics are widely, usefully and correctly applied in a large range of technological and scientific problems. Yet in nature we observe a domain in which v/c is not small. The motions of objects in this domain, as well as motion in the “classical” domain, are accurately described through the equations of Einstein’s theory of relativity. We believe, due to experimental tests, that relativistic theory provides a more general, and therefore more accurate, description of the principles governing our universe, than the earlier “classical” theory. Further, we find that the relativistic equations reduce to the classical equations in the limit v/c << 1. Similarly, classical physics is valid only at distances much larger than atomic scales (x >> 10-8 m). A description which is valid at all length scales is given by the equations of quantum mechanics.
We are all familiar with theories which had to be discarded in the face of experimental evidence. In the field of astronomy, the earth-centered description of the planetary orbits was overthrown by the Copernican system, in which the sun was placed at the center of a series of concentric, circular planetary orbits. Later, this theory was modified, as measurements of the planets motions were found to be compatible with elliptical, not circular, orbits, and still later planetary motion was found to be derivable from Newton’s laws.
Error in experiments have several sources. First, there is error intrinsic to instruments of measurement. Because this type of error has equal probability of producing a measurement higher or lower numerically than the “true” value, it is called random error. Second, there is non-random or systematic error, due to factors which bias the result in one direction. No measurement, and therefore no experiment, can be perfectly precise. At the same time, in science we have standard ways of estimating and in some cases reducing errors. Thus it is important to determine the accuracy of a particular measurement and, when stating quantitative results, to quote the measurement error. A measurement without a quoted error is meaningless. The comparison between experiment and theory is made within the context of experimental errors. Scientists ask, how many standard deviations are the results from the theoretical prediction? Have all sources of systematic and random errors been properly estimated? This is discussed in more detail in the appendix on Error Analysis and in Statistics Lab 1.
III. Common Mistakes in Applying the Scientific Method
As stated earlier, the scientific method attempts to minimize the influence of the scientist’s bias on the outcome of an experiment. That is, when testing an hypothesis or a theory, the scientist may have a preference for one outcome or another, and it is important that this preference not bias the results or their interpretation. The most fundamental error is to mistake the hypothesis for an explanation of a phenomenon, without performing experimental tests. Sometimes “common sense” and “logic” tempt us into believing that no test is needed. There are numerous examples of this, dating from the Greek philosophers to the present day.
Another common mistake is to ignore or rule out data which do not support the hypothesis. Ideally, the experimenter is open to the possibility that the hypothesis is correct or incorrect. Sometimes, however, a scientist may have a strong belief that the hypothesis is true (or false), or feels internal or external pressure to get a specific result. In that case, there may be a psychological tendency to find “something wrong”, such as systematic effects, with data which do not support the scientist’s expectations, while data which do agree with those expectations may not be checked as carefully. The lesson is that all data must be handled in the same way.
Another common mistake arises from the failure to estimate quantitatively systematic errors (and all errors). There are many examples of discoveries which were missed by experimenters whose data contained a new phenomenon, but who explained it away as a systematic background. Conversely, there are many examples of alleged “new discoveries” which later proved to be due to systematic errors not accounted for by the “discoverers.”
In a field where there is active experimentation and open communication among members of the scientific community, the biases of individuals or groups may cancel out, because experimental tests are repeated by different scientists who may have different biases. In addition, different types of experimental setups have different sources of systematic errors. Over a period spanning a variety of experimental tests (usually at least several years), a consensus develops in the community as to which experimental results have stood the test of time.
IV. Hypotheses, Models, Theories and Laws
In physics and other science disciplines, the words “hypothesis,” “model,” “theory” and “law” have different connotations in relation to the stage of acceptance or knowledge about a group of phenomena.
An hypothesis is a limited statement regarding cause and effect in specific situations; it also refers to our state of knowledge before experimental work has been performed and perhaps even before new phenomena have been predicted. To take an example from daily life, suppose you discover that your car will not start. You may say, “My car does not start because the battery is low.” This is your first hypothesis. You may then check whether the lights were left on, or if the engine makes a particular sound when you turn the ignition key. You might actually check the voltage across the terminals of the battery. If you discover that the battery is not low, you might attempt another hypothesis (“The starter is broken”; “This is really not my car.”)
The word model is reserved for situations when it is known that the hypothesis has at least limited validity. A often-cited example of this is the Bohr model of the atom, in which, in an analogy to the solar system, the electrons are described has moving in circular orbits around the nucleus. This is not an accurate depiction of what an atom “looks like,” but the model succeeds in mathematically representing the energies (but not the correct angular momenta) of the quantum states of the electron in the simplest case, the hydrogen atom. Another example is Hook’s Law (which should be called Hook’s principle, or Hook’s model), which states that the force exerted by a mass attached to a spring is proportional to the amount the spring is stretched. We know that this principle is only valid for small amounts of stretching. The “law” fails when the spring is stretched beyond its elastic limit (it can break). This principle, however, leads to the prediction of simple harmonic motion, and, as a model of the behavior of a spring, has been versatile in an extremely broad range of applications.
A scientific theory or law represents an hypothesis, or a group of related hypotheses, which has been confirmed through repeated experimental tests. Theories in physics are often formulated in terms of a few concepts and equations, which are identified with “laws of nature,” suggesting their universal applicability. Accepted scientific theories and laws become part of our understanding of the universe and the basis for exploring less well-understood areas of knowledge. Theories are not easily discarded; new discoveries are first assumed to fit into the existing theoretical framework. It is only when, after repeated experimental tests, the new phenomenon cannot be accommodated that scientists seriously question the theory and attempt to modify it. The validity that we attach to scientific theories as representing realities of the physical world is to be contrasted with the facile invalidation implied by the expression, “It’s only a theory.” For example, it is unlikely that a person will step off a tall building on the assumption that they will not fall, because “Gravity is only a theory.”
Changes in scientific thought and theories occur, of course, sometimes revolutionizing our view of the world (Kuhn, 1962). Again, the key force for change is the scientific method, and its emphasis on experiment.
V. Are there circumstances in which the Scientific Method is not applicable?
While the scientific method is necessary in developing scientific knowledge, it is also useful in everyday problem-solving. What do you do when your telephone doesn’t work? Is the problem in the hand set, the cabling inside your house, the hookup outside, or in the workings of the phone company? The process you might go through to solve this problem could involve scientific thinking, and the results might contradict your initial expectations.
Like any good scientist, you may question the range of situations (outside of science) in which the scientific method may be applied. From what has been stated above, we determine that the scientific method works best in situations where one can isolate the phenomenon of interest, by eliminating or accounting for extraneous factors, and where one can repeatedly test the system under study after making limited, controlled changes in it.
There are, of course, circumstances when one cannot isolate the phenomena or when one cannot repeat the measurement over and over again. In such cases the results may depend in part on the history of a situation. This often occurs in social interactions between people. For example, when a lawyer makes arguments in front of a jury in court, she or he cannot try other approaches by repeating the trial over and over again in front of the same jury. In a new trial, the jury composition will be different. Even the same jury hearing a new set of arguments cannot be expected to forget what they heard before.
VI. Conclusion
The scientific method is intricately associated with science, the process of human inquiry that pervades the modern era on many levels. While the method appears simple and logical in description, there is perhaps no more complex question than that of knowing how we come to know things. In this introduction, we have emphasized that the scientific method distinguishes science from other forms of explanation because of its requirement of systematic experimentation. We have also tried to point out some of the criteria and practices developed by scientists to reduce the influence of individual or social bias on scientific findings. Further investigations of the scientific method and other aspects of scientific practice may be found in the references listed below.
VII. References
1. Wilson, E. Bright. An Introduction to Scientific Research (McGraw-Hill, 1952).
2. Kuhn, Thomas. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Univ. of Chicago Press, 1962).
3. Barrow, John. Theories of Everything (Oxford Univ. Press, 1991).
Reprinted with permission from Frank L. H. Wolfs Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester, NY.
Things to bring on any of our investigations
Bring a good camera (s), a flashlight and recording equipment of any kind. Dress for hiking, climbing, etc. Come open-minded but skeptical. Be prepared to find a natural explanation of anything that seems unusual.
Some Suggestions of Items to Bring:
1. Notebook and pen (recording notes)
2. Extra Batteries (you never know when they might fail)
3. Flashlight (does this need an explanation?)
4. Measuring tape (checking distances and witness accounts)
5. Extra films and recording tapes (might be essential)
6. Small tool kit (some electronic devices need screwdrivers to change batteries)
7. Camera (I recommend a good 35 mm, digital, and the like)
8. Sketch Pad & Colored Pencils (diagrams)
9. Motion Detectors
10. Infrared Sensors or Night Vision goggles
11. Video Camera
12. Recording Devices
13. Compass (It could direct you to a ghost or energy field or spin while a field is present. Or it could keep you from getting lost.)
14. Dowsing Rods
15. Thermometers (for checking air temperature)
16. First Aid Kit (in case your flashlight fails and you trip in the dark)
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